See -tva on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-ⱅⰲⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-tva"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-tev"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-tva"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-tba"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-twa"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-tva"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-tva"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-twa"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-twa"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*twāˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-tweh₂<alt:*-tu-eh₂><id:nouns>>>",
"id": "deverbal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*twāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-tva\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"deverbal\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-tva\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_deverbal\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*twāˀ"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tweh₂",
"4": "*-tu-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "surface analysis"
},
"expansion": "surface analysis",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þwō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "milžtuvė̃"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian milžtuvė̃",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂. By surface analysis, an a-extension of *-tъ (u-stem). Compare Proto-Germanic *-þwō.\nCompare also Lithuanian milžtuvė̃, Lietuvà .",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-tva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tьba",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ьba",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tvь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tvo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-tva f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-tva",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"word": "-ьstvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 51",
"word": "-tь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
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"name": "Pages with etymon",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pasti (“to graze”) → *pastva (“flock”)"
},
{
"text": "klęti (“to curse”) → *klętva (“curse”)"
},
{
"text": "orati (“to plow”) → *oratva (“plowing”)"
},
{
"text": "modliti (“to pray”) → *modlitva (“prayer”)"
},
{
"text": "sěti (“to sow”) → *sětva (“sowing”)"
},
{
"text": "žęti (“to reap, harvest”) → *žętva (“harvest”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forming nouns denoting an act, state, result."
],
"id": "en--tva-sla-pro-suffix-sk76OgpT",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ьje"
},
{
"word": "*-ьba"
},
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
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"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "briti (“to shave”) → *britva (“razor”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forming nouns denoting a tool."
],
"id": "en--tva-sla-pro-suffix-Wm00rGxw",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-dlo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "-tva"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "-tva",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
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"ts": ""
},
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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"3": "*-tweh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tweh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech -tva, -tba, from Proto-Slavic *-tva, from Proto-Indo-European *-tweh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tba",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-tva f (noun-forming suffix)",
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}
],
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bít (“to beat; to fight”) + -tva → bitva (“battle”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting an action"
],
"id": "en--tva-cs-suffix-AqZQtksF",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-tva"
}
{
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"args": {
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"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
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{
"args": {
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},
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{
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{
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{
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"3": "*-tweh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tweh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech -tva, -tba, from Proto-Slavic *-tva, from Proto-Indo-European *-tweh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tba",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-tva f (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Czech feminine suffixes",
"Czech lemmas",
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"Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bít (“to beat; to fight”) + -tva → bitva (“battle”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix appended to words to create a feminine noun, usually denoting an action"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-tva"
}
{
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"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
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"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-ⱅⰲⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-tva",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-тва"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-tva"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-tev"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-tva"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-tba"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-twa"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-tva"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-tva"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-twa"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-twa"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*twāˀ<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-tweh₂<alt:*-tu-eh₂><id:nouns>>>",
"id": "deverbal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*twāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-tva\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"deverbal\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-tva\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_deverbal\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*twāˀ"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tweh₂",
"4": "*-tu-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "surface analysis"
},
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-þwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-þwō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "milžtuvė̃"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian milžtuvė̃",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂. By surface analysis, an a-extension of *-tъ (u-stem). Compare Proto-Germanic *-þwō.\nCompare also Lithuanian milžtuvė̃, Lietuvà .",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-tva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tvy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tьba",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ьba",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tvь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-tvo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-tva f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-tva",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ьstvo"
},
{
"word": "-tь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pasti (“to graze”) → *pastva (“flock”)"
},
{
"text": "klęti (“to curse”) → *klętva (“curse”)"
},
{
"text": "orati (“to plow”) → *oratva (“plowing”)"
},
{
"text": "modliti (“to pray”) → *modlitva (“prayer”)"
},
{
"text": "sěti (“to sow”) → *sětva (“sowing”)"
},
{
"text": "žęti (“to reap, harvest”) → *žętva (“harvest”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forming nouns denoting an act, state, result."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ьje"
},
{
"word": "*-ьba"
},
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "briti (“to shave”) → *britva (“razor”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbative, forming nouns denoting a tool."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-dlo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "-tva"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -tva meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-tva"
],
"section": "Czech",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-tva",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.